Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza ni iki?
A Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza cyane(HPBV) ni igikoresho cyo kugenzura imikorere y’amazi gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "quarter-turn rotary flow" gifite disiki ya "offset" n’igishushanyo cy’umugongo—ubusanzwe gikoresha ibyuma bibiri (double eccentric) cyangwa ibyuma bitatu (triple eccentric)—bituma habaho gufunga neza, imbaraga nke zo gukora, no kumara igihe kirekire ugereranije n’udupira tw’ibinyugunyugu dusanzwe.
Bitandukanye naValve y'ikinyugunyugu ikora ku buryo burambuye, aho uruti rw'icyuma ruherereye hagati ku gice cy'icyuma gifunga kandi disiki igakomeza gukorana n'intebe mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka, igishushanyo mbonera cy'icyuma gitanga umusaruro mwinshi gikubiyemo uburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwo gushyiramo ibintu butuma disiki yinjira kandi igasohoka mu ntebe, ikayikoraho gusa mu mwanya wayo ufunze neza. Iri tandukaniro ry'ibanze mu by'ikoranabuhanga rigabanya cyane kwangirika no kwangirika, bigatuma vali z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza zishobora guhangana n'umuvuduko mwinshi (kugeza ku rwego rwa 600 cyangwa inyuma), ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 650°C hamwe n'intebe z'icyuma), n'ibintu bihumanya cyangwa bitera kwangirika kurusha ibindi bipimo bisanzwe.
Ku isi yose, isoko ry’udupira tw’ibinyugunyugu dufite ubushobozi bwo hejuru ririmo kwiyongera cyane, aho ikigereranyo cyerekana ko rizazamuka kuva kuri miliyari 7.23 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2024 rikagera kuri miliyari 12.94 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2031, ku kigero cya CAGR cya 8.70%. Iri zamuka riterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe mu nganda zikora peteroli na gaze, itunganywa ry’ibinyabutabire, n’ingufu.
Icyiciro cya API 609: Ni hehe Valves z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza zishyirwa?
Kugira ngo basobanukirwe aho valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza zihagaze, abahanga mu by'amasoko bagomba kumenya amahame ngenderwaho agenga imikorere - API 609 (Valves z'ibinyugunyugu: Double-flanged, Lug- na Wafer-type). Iri tegeko rigena ibyiciro bibiri bisobanutse:
| Icyiciro | Imiterere ya Disiki | Ubwoko bw'intebe | Igipimo cy'umuvuduko | Porogaramu zisanzwe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icyiciro cya A | Ingano (itandukaniro rya zeru) | Intebe yoroshye ikomeye (EPDM, NBR, Viton) | Umuvuduko w'ubukonje (CWP) — ubusanzwe kugeza ku cyiciro cya 150 | Serivisi z'amazi, umwuka, serivisi z'amashanyarazi zikoresha umuvuduko muto |
| Icyiciro cya B | Eccentric (itandukaniro rya kabiri cyangwa gatatu) | PTFE/RPTFE, ifite laminated, cyangwa icyuma kiva kuri metali | Icyiciro cya ASME 150/300/600 n'ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko | Ibinyabutabire bitunganya, umwuka, hydrocarbon, serivisi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi |
Icyiciro cya B gihuye neza na valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza. API 609 ivuga ko valve z'icyiciro cya B zifite "intebe idafite aho ihuriye n'aho iherereye ndetse n'imiterere ya disiki idafite aho ihuriye cyangwa idafite aho ihuriye" kandi zifite urwego rwa ASME n'ubushyuhe bw'umuvuduko.
Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko valve zo mu cyiciro cya A zihabwa amanota n’uruganda ku muvuduko w’akazi ukonje gusa, mu gihe valve zo mu cyiciro cya B zihabwa amanota yose ku muvuduko n’ubushyuhe kuri ASME B16.34. Ku bahanga bagena valve yo gukora akazi karenze amazi cyangwa umwuka, Icyiciro cya B (imikorere yo hejuru) ni cyo gikwiye.
Igishushanyo cya Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu Gikora Cyane: Gusobanukirwa Ihame rya Offset
Imiterere ibiri y'ingenzi y'imikorere myiza
Double Offset (Double Eccentric) - Ishingiro
Igishushanyo mbonera cya "double offset"—rimwe na rimwe cyitwa "valve y'ibinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza”—kigizwe n'uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo gutandukanya:
- Igice cya 1: Umurongo w'umugozi ushyizwe inyuma y'aho disiki ifunga, kure y'umurongo wo hagati w'intebe.
- Igice cya 2: Umurongo w'umugozi uva hagati y'umurongo w'umuyoboro w'umuyoboro.
Izi mashini ebyiri zikora akazi ka kamera mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka. Iyo valve itangiye gufunguka, disiki irahaguruka ikava ku ntebe ako kanya—ubusanzwe mu gihe cy'urugendo rwa dogere 7-10. Mu gihe cyose gisigaye cyo gusimbuka kwa dogere 90, disiki irazenguruka idakora ku ntebe, bikuraho gukururana no kwangirika. Iyi miterere ituma icyuma gifunga impande zombi mu buryo buhamye mu gice cyose cy'umuvuduko.
Vali ebyiri zishobora gushyirwaho intebe za PTFE cyangwa PTFE zongerewe imbaraga (RPTFE) kugira ngo zikoreshwe muri rusange kugeza kuri 260°C, hamwe n'intebe z'icyuma/grafiti zometseho kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwiyongere.
Gutanga serivisi nziza (Triple Eccentric) – Ku bijyanye na serivisi zidasanzwe
Valve ya "triple offset" yongeraho "geometric offset" ya gatatu:
Igice cya 3: Umurongo w'intebe ifite ishusho y'urukiramende utandukanye n'umurongo wo hagati w'umugozi, bigatuma habaho ubuso bufunga hagati y'icyuma n'icyuma bufite ishusho y'urukiramende.
Muri valve ifite imiterere itatu, ubuso bwo gufunga ntibuhuza cyangwa ngo bunyererane mu gihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kuzenguruka. Disiki ifata intebe gusa iyo ifunze neza binyuze mu gikorwa cyo gukamyoza nk'ikirahure. Ibi bikuraho kwangirika burundu kwa mekanike.
Vali eshatu zifunga intebe z'icyuma zifunga intebe zifunga ibyuma, bigatuma:
- Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -240°C na 650°C
- Amasomo y'igitutu kugeza ku cyiciro cya 600 (cyangwa kirenze iyo ubisabye)
- Imikorere isanzwe idakoresha umuriro nta bikoresho byoroshye byo kwicaraho
- Gufunga impande ebyiri birushaho kuba byiza uko umuvuduko w'umurongo wiyongera
Ibi biranga bituma valve eshatu zikoreshwa mu buryo bw'ingenzi aho valve zoroshye zidashobora gukoreshwa—harimo umwuka ushyushye cyane, isolation ya hydrocarbon, na serivisi ya ogisijeni.
Ibice by'ingenzi bya Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu Ikora Cyane
Gusobanukirwa imiterere y'ibice bifasha injeniyeri gusuzuma itandukaniro ry'ubuziranenge hagati y'abakora:
| Igice | Ibikoresho bisanzwe | Igikorwa cy'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Umubiri | Icyuma cya karuboni cya WCB, icyuma cya A351 CF8/CF8M kidafunze, icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa ductile, duplex, bronze ya nikeli | Umupaka w'igitutu; utanga ubuziranenge bw'imiterere. Imiterere y'imashini n'imitako irahari |
| Disiki | A351 CF8M (316 SS), duplex, 17-4PH, Inconel hejuru, Monel | Ikintu kizunguruka kigenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amazi; intoki zikoze mu gice cya disiki zigabanya imbaraga kandi zigatuma zifunga neza. |
| Igiti (Urugo) | Icyuma kitagira umwanda cya 17-4PH, SS316, Inconel, Monel | Yohereza torque kuva kuri actuator ijya kuri disiki; igishushanyo mbonera cy'igice kimwe gikundwa kugira ngo hakurweho inzira zisohoka |
| Intebe | PTFE, RPTFE, UHMWPE, icyuma/grafiti byashyizwemo laminated, icyuma gikomera cya Stellite | Igice cy'ingenzi cyo gufunga. Vali zikora neza cyane zikoresha intebe zikomejwe cyangwa iz'icyuma, ntabwo ari elastomer |
| Ibiti by'ingenzi | Gupakira PTFE, impeta za grafiti zoroshye, impeta zirwanya extrusion ya fibre ya karuboni | Kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu mutekano; bikomeza gufunga impande zose z'umuyoboro uzenguruka |
| Amabereti | Igikonoshwa cya 316 SS gifite umwenda wa PTFE/ikirahure | Ishyigikira igiti; igabanya gukururana; yongera igihe cy'uruziga rw'amashanyarazi |
| Agakoresho ko gufata intebe | Icyuma cya karuboni cyangwa icyuma kitagira umwanda | Ifasha intebe guteranya mu mubiri; ituma isimburana ry'umurima |
Valve y'ibinyugunyugu yakozwe neza kandi ifite uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho bwa ISO 5211 bwo kuyishyiraho mu buryo butaziguye nta mapfundo, hamwe n'udupira two hejuru n'utwo hasi kugira ngo dushyigikire igiti kandi twongere igihe cyo gukora.
Uburyo Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu Ikora Cyane
Ihame ry'imikorere rishobora kugabanywa mu ntambwe eshanu:
- Aho ifunze: Disiki izunguruka igororotse ku nzira y'amazi, igakanda ku ntebe kugira ngo ihagarare neza nk'aho ifunga.
- Ugufungura kw'ibanze (0° kugeza ~10°): Imiterere y'aho disiki iherereye ituma disiki izamuka iva ku ntebe ako kanya, bigaca aho ihurira kandi bigakuraho guhindagurika kw'ingufu.
- Hagati mu gushyuha (~ 10° kugeza 80°): Disiki izunguruka mu nzira y'amazi nta mwanya ikoraho, bigatuma imbaraga zayo zigabanuka cyane kandi zidasaza neza.
- Uburyo bwa nyuma (~80° kugeza 90°): Disiki igaruka mu ntebe gusa iyo ifunze neza.
- Gufunga: Imbaraga zo gufunga zikoreshwa cyane cyane n'umuvuduko w'umurongo, ntabwo zikoreshwa na torque y'imashini; umuvuduko mwinshi mu by'ukuri utuma imyanya iguma neza.
Iki gikorwa cyo gupima ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi gitandukanya valve y’ikinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza n’igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe. Muri valve y’ikinyugunyugu, disiki ihora ikora ku ntebe mu gihe cyose cyo kuzenguruka kwa dogere 90, bigatuma ishira vuba, ikenera imbaraga nyinshi, kandi ikaba yamara igihe gito.
Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza cyane ugereranije na Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ifite imikorere ihamye: Kugereranya impande n'impande
Ku bahanga mu by'ubwubatsi n'abashinzwe amasoko basuzuma amahitamo y'ama-valve, kugereranya hagati y'ama-valve y'ibinyugunyugu (icyiciro cya A) n'ama-valve y'ibinyugunyugu akora cyane (icyiciro cya B) ni ingenzi:
| Ikiranga | Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ikora ku buryo burambuye | Valve y'ikinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza cyane |
|---|---|---|
| Jeometri ya Disiki | Zero igabanyije (hagati) | Gusubiramo kabiri cyangwa gusubiramo gatatu |
| Ubwoko bw'intebe | Elastomeric yoroshye (EPDM, NBR, Viton) | PTFE, RPTFE, ikozwe mu cyuma, cyangwa icyuma kivamo icyuma |
| Igipimo cy'umuvuduko | Kugeza kuri 250 PSI (igarukira ku cyiciro cya 150) | Kugeza kuri 1.480 PSI (Icyiciro cya 600+; icyiciro cya gatatu kugeza ku cyiciro cya 900) |
| Ingano y'ubushyuhe | -20°C kugeza 180°C | Intebe za PTFE: -29°C kugeza 260°C; intebe z'icyuma: -240°C kugeza 650°C |
| Uburyo bwo kwambara | Disiki irakora ku ntebe mu gihe cyose umuntu ayizungurutsa | Intebe y'aho ucana disiki gusa iyo ifunze (igikorwa cya kamera) |
| Torque yo Gukora | Hejuru (guhindagurika guhoraho) | Hasi (aho bicara gusa/aho bakuramo imyanya) |
| Icyerekezo cyo gufunga | Ubusanzwe inyura mu cyerekezo kimwe | Ibyerekezo bibiri (igitutu cyuzuye) |
| Igipimo cy'uko amazi yavuye | Intebe yoroshye (ifite intebe ifunganye) | Icyiciro cya VI (kubura amazi bigaragara) kuri PTFE; kubura amazi kubura kubura kubura kugabanya inshuro eshatu |
| Gukwiranye n'ikoreshwa ry'iyi porogaramu | Amazi afite umuvuduko muke, umwuka, akamaro rusange | Ibinyabutabire bitunganya, hydrocarbon, umwuka ushyushye, ibikoresho bihumanya, serivisi ikora ku buryo bunini |
| Igiciro cy'ibanze | Hasi | Hejuru (20–40% by'igiciro cyihariye bisanzwe) |
| Ubuzima bwa serivisi | Iringaniye | Yaguweho igihe kirekire (incuro zirenga 100.000 zagaragajwe) |
Valve y'ibinyugunyugu ihuza imiterere y'amazi n'amazi yanduye ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'amazi n'amazi yanduye kuko yoroshye, yizewe, kandi ifunga neza ifite intebe yoroshye. Ariko, iyo ikoreshejwe iyo ari yo yose irimo igitutu kiri hejuru ya 250 PSI, ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 180°C, hydrocarbons, umwuka, cyangwa imiti ihumanya, valve y'ibinyugunyugu ifite imikorere myiza ni yo ikwiye gukoreshwa mu buhanga.
Ibyiza n'ibibi by'amavaluve y'ibinyugunyugu akora neza cyane
Ibyiza
| Akamaro | Inyungu z'Ubwubatsi |
|---|---|
| Nta gusohora cyangwa gufunga byuzuye bubble | Igera ku gipimo cya ANSI/FCI 70-2 Class VI leakage rating; triple offset itanga true zero leakage hamwe n'intebe z'icyuma. |
| Gufunga mu cyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri | Igumana uburyo bwose bwo kuzimya umuriro utitaye ku cyerekezo cy'amazi, ikuraho ibibazo by'icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho |
| Umuvuduko muke wo gukora | Ingano n'igiciro bya actuator bigabanuka; ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rigabanuka; actuators ntoya zikoresha umwuka cyangwa amashanyarazi zishobora gukoreshwa |
| Igihe kirekire cyo gukora | Gufatana na disiki mu mwanya ujya mu wundi gusa iyo bifunze bigabanya cyane kwangirika; hagaragajwe ko hari abantu barenga 100,000 bambaye disiki. |
| Ikirenge gito | Yeroshye cyane kandi ngufi kurusha amarembo, imibumbe, cyangwa ibyuma bingana, bigabanya ibisabwa mu gushyigikira imiyoboro |
| Ubushobozi bwo gutemba cyane | Umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane iyo ufunguye neza bitewe n'imiterere ya disiki isanzwe |
| Amahitamo menshi y'ibikoresho | Ibyuma bya karuboni, ibyuma bitangiza umwijima, duplex, alloy, na nikeli bya bronze biboneka kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu kwangiza ikirere |
| Igishushanyo mbonera kidakoresha umuriro | Valve eshatu zicarwa mu byuma zirinda umuriro nta bikoresho bya PTFE bifite |
| Kugabanuka kw'amazi mu ruti | Sisitemu zigezweho zo gupakira za PTFE cyangwa grafiti zujuje amabwiriza akomeye yo gusohora imyuka mibi (ISO 15848) |
Imbogamizi
| Imbogamizi | Gusuzuma ibijyanye no gutanga amasoko |
|---|---|
| Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hejuru | Igishushanyo mbonera cy’intebe y’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "premium over concentric" gikunze kuba hagati ya 20–40%; intebe y’icyuma igizwe n’intebe eshatu ikozwe mu buryo bwa "metal" irushaho kuba nziza cyane. |
| Birashoboka ko umuntu ashobora gucika mu maso (cavitation) | Gutera umuvuduko mwinshi w'ingufu bishobora kwangiza cavitation |
| Uburyo bwo kugenda kwa disiki butayobowe | Aho disiki iherereye hagira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'amazi, bigatera ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo gufunga mu buryo butuma amazi asohoka mu kirere agabanuka. |
| Kubikora bigoranye kubisukura | Imiterere y'imashini zo mu bwoko bwa Wafer n'izikoreshwa mu gusukura imbere mu nzu ntabwo yoroshye kuyikoresha ugereranije n'imashini zikozwe mu buryo bwa flange |
| Ntibyemewe gukoresha uburyo bunini cyane cyangwa butose cyane | Kwinjira mu nzira y'amazi bishobora gufata ibintu bikomeye; valves zo mu bwoko bwa "cup-gate valves" zishobora kuba nziza |
| Gukoresha imbaraga nke mu gukurura abantu | Nubwo irusha uturindantoki twinshi, uturindantoki twinshi ntabwo ari byiza mu gukoresha uburyo bugoye bwo gukurura |
Igishushanyo cya offset gitanga imikorere myiza yo gufunga, imbaraga nke zihinduka, ndetse n'umuvuduko mwinshi ushoboka ugereranije n'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu dusanzwe, ariko izi nyungu ziza ku giciro cyo hejuru cya mbere.
Imikoreshereze ya Valves z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza cyane
Valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda zitandukanye aho ubwizerwe, nta gusohoka kw'amazi, n'imiterere mito ari ingenzi cyane:
Peteroli na Gazi
- Gutandukanya hydrocarbon n'imiyoboro ya bypass y'inganda zitunganya amashanyarazi
- Imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze karemano (icukurwa, koherezwa, no gukwirakwizwa)
- Gukurura no gusohora ibikoresho bya kompreseri
- Gushyira mu kato ikigo cy'ibigega by'amazi
- Uburyo bwo gucunga gazi ihumanya (hamwe n'ibikoresho bikurikiza NACE MR0175)
Gutunganya imiti n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli
- Uburyo bwo gutunganya imiti yangiza (aside, alkali, caustics, imvange ya chlorine)
- Sisitemu zo gusana imashini zishongesha
- Imirongo ikora polymer
- Udukoresho two gukata amazi ashyushye
- Imashini zikora imiti zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi
Kubyaza Ingufu
- Sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi (amazi azenguruka kandi akoreshwa)
- Gutandukanya kondensateri
- Imirongo yo gukuramo umwuka (valves eshatu zo gukurura umwuka zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi)
- Inzira yo kunyuramo amazi yo mu bwoko bwa boiler
- Gutandukanya umwuka ujya muri turbine ya gaze
Gutunganya Amazi n'Amazi Yanduye
- Amazi mabi akoreshwa mu gufata no kuyakwirakwiza (akoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye)
- Sisitemu ya reverse osmosis
- Uburyo bwo kuyungurura uturemangingo
- Gukoresha gaze yo mu gikoni
- Inzira yo kwinjizamo no gusohokeramo imashini ivura ikibazo
Inganda za HVAC, Marine, n'izindi
- Amazi akonje n'amazi ashyushye ashyushye
- Imiyoboro yo gushyushya no gukonjesha mu turere
- Sisitemu zo gutwikira amazi yo mu mazi n'amazi y'umuriro (imibiri y'umuringa ya nikeli ya aluminiyumu ku mazi yo mu nyanja)
- Uruganda rukuraho umunyu rwinshi rufite umuvuduko mwinshi wa reverse osmosis
- Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro (gutegura ububiko, kugarura imiti)
- Imiyoboro y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'uburyo bwo gucunga imyanda
- Ubumenyi bw'imiti n'ubuzima (amazi meza, umwuka mwiza)
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi ku isoko, inganda zikenera kugenzura neza amazi anyuramo—nk'amavuta na gaze, gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi, no gutunganya imiti—ni byo bituma habaho ubusabe bukomeye bw'amavalufa y'ibinyugunyugu. By'umwihariko, amavalufa atatu akoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi anyuramo akoreshwa mu buryo bwa shimi, ingufu n'uburyo bwo kuyatunganya, harimo no kuyakuramo gaze ya shale.
Igiciro cya Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu Ikora Cyane: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bitwara ikiguzi n'uburyo ikoreshwa
Ku bahanga mu by'amasoko, gusobanukirwa ikiguzi cy'agakoresho k'ingufu gatanga umusaruro mwinshi ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho ingengo y'imari ikwiye.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku giciro
| Igipimo | Ingaruka ku Giciro |
|---|---|
| Ingano ya valufe | Ubwinshi bw'umurambararo (hejuru ya DN300) byongera cyane ikiguzi cy'ibanze bitewe n'ingano y'ibikoresho n'uburyo bikoreshwa mu gutunganya |
| Icyiciro cy'umuvuduko | Icyiciro cya 300: hafi 30–50% by'ubwishingizi ugereranyije n'icyiciro cya 150; Icyiciro cya 600: 25–40% by'inyongera |
| Guhitamo ibikoresho | Icyuma kidasembuye (CF8/CF8M): ubwiza bwa 40–60% ugereranyije n'icyuma cya karuboni; duplex/super duplex: ubwiza bwa 100–150% |
| Ubwoko bw'intebe | Intebe za PTFE: ziringaniye; intebe z'icyuma za laminated: 30–50% by'igiciro; intebe eshatu za metal offset: zo hejuru cyane |
| Guhagarika guhuza | Wafer: ihendutse cyane; Umufuka: +15–25%; Ifite flange: +20–40% |
| Ibikorwa | Igikoresho cyo gukoresha intoki: ishingiro; umukoresha w'ibikoresho: +15–25%; umukoresha w'umwuka: +40–100%; umukoresha w'amashanyarazi: +50–120% |
| Impamyabushobozi zihariye | Kwirinda inkongi y'umuriro (API 607), imyuka ihumanya ikirere (ISO 15848), NACE MR0175 byongereyeho 5–15% |
| Ibisabwa mu isuzuma | Izindi NDT, ibizamini bya cryogenic, cyangwa igenzura ryihuse ry'imikorere y'umubiri byongera ikiguzi |
Ingano y'Ibiciro Ihagarariye (Icyitonderwa)
| Ingano | Ikarito yo mu cyiciro cya 150, umubiri wa WCB, Intebe ya PTFE, Lever | Ifu ya Class 300, umubiri wa WCB, Intebe ya PTFE, ibikoresho | Ifu ya Class 150 Wafer, Umubiri wa CF8M, Intebe ya PTFE, Pneumatic |
|---|---|---|---|
| DN50 (2″) | $85 – $120 | $180 – $250 | $400 – $550 |
| DN100 (4″) | $130 – $180 | $260 – $360 | $500 – $700 |
| DN150 (6″) | $180 – $250 | $350 – $480 | $650 – $900 |
| DN200 (8″) | $250 – $350 | $450 – $600 | $850 – $1,200 |
| DN300 (12″) | $450 – $620 | $750 – $1.050 | $1,400 – $2,000 |
| DN500 (20″) | $1,200 – $1,700 | $1,800 – $2,600 | $3,200 – $4,800 |
Icyitonderwa: Ibiciro ni ibipimo kandi bishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'isoko ry'ibikoresho n'ibisabwa mu buhanga bwihariye. Saba ibiciro by'ikigo ku busabe bwawe.
Ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo (TCO)
Nubwo valve y'ibinyugunyugu ifite igiciro cyo kugura cya mbere kiri hejuru ugereranyije na valve isanzwe, ikiguzi cyayo cyose cyo gutunga mu gihe cyose cy'ibikoresho akenshi kiba kiri hasi bitewe na:
- Igihe cyo kubungabunga intebe - Kugabanya kwangirika kw'intebe bivuze ko nta gusimbuza kenshi
- Ingufu nke zo gukoresha ingufu - Kugabanuka kw'ibikenewe mu gukoresha ingufu bituma ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu zigabanuka kandi ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi kikagabanuka.
- Nta bihano by'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bihunga - Gufunga neza ibiti birinda ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko
- Igihe kirekire cyo gukora - Igihe gisanzwe cyo gukora ni imyaka 10-15 mu gihe cyo gukora kiringaniye, ugereranyije n'imyaka 5-8 ku miterere y'ibishushanyo mbonera mu bihe bisa.
Vali z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza muri rusange zirahendutse ugereranyije na vali z'umupira cyangwa zo kuziba zifite ingano n'ibipimo bingana, nyamara zitanga ubushobozi bwo kuziba busa cyangwa bwiza kurushaho—bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza ku bikorwa byinshi byo kuzimya no kuzimya bidasaba ko zisohoka burundu.
Uburyo bwo Kugaragaza Valve y'Ikinyugunyugu Ikora Cyane
Ku bahanga mu by'amasoko bategura RFQ cyangwa itegeko ryo kugura, ibi bikurikira bigomba kugaragazwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko hatoranijwe:
| Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro Bisabwa |
|---|---|
| Igishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe | API 609 Icyiciro B (imikorere yo hejuru) |
| Ubwoko bwa valve | Gutanga amafaranga abiri (ibisanzwe) cyangwa atatu (serivisi idasanzwe) |
| Imiterere y'umubiri | Wafer (ikunze kugaragara cyane), lug (ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bidakora), cyangwa ifite flange ebyiri (inini/umuvuduko mwinshi) |
| Ingano | NPS 2″ – 48″ (nini iraboneka iyo uyisabye) |
| Icyiciro cy'umuvuduko | Icyiciro cya ASME 150, 300, cyangwa 600 |
| Ibikoresho by'umubiri | WCB (icyuma cya karuboni), CF8/CF8M (itagira ibara), duplex, cyangwa alloy |
| Ibikoresho bya disiki | Garagaza uburyo amazi ahuye n'amazi |
| Ibikoresho by'intebe | PTFE (uburyo rusange), kuva ku cyuma kugera ku cyuma (ubushyuhe bwinshi), cyangwa ikozwe mu cyuma |
| Imyanya y'intebe irasohoka | ANSI/FCI 70-2 Icyiciro cya VI (kidapfukirana n'amabara) cyangwa nta gusohoka kw'amazi |
| Ibikoresho by'igishishwa | Ubusanzwe icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 17-4PH |
| Guhagarika imiyoboro | ASME B16.5 cyangwa bingana nayo |
| Igipimo cy'imbonankubone | API 609 (igishushanyo mbonera kigufi cyangwa igishushanyo kirekire) |
| Ibikorwa | Imashini ikoresha intoki, ikoresha ibikoresho, ikoresha umwuka, cyangwa ikoresha amashanyarazi |
| Ibisabwa byihariye | Irinda inkongi y'umuriro (API 607), imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihunga (ISO 15848), NACE MR0175 (serivisi mbi), cryogenic |
| Isuzuma | API 598 (ikizamini cy'umuvuduko w'igikonoshwa n'icyicaro) |
Amahame Ngenderwaho n'Impamyabumenyi z'Ingenzi
| Igisanzwe | Aho biherereye |
|---|---|
| API 609 | Igipimo cy'ibanze cy'imiterere y'udupira tw'ibinyugunyugu—gisobanura Icyiciro cya A n'Icyiciro cya B |
| ASME B16.34 | Isuzuma ry'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wa vali |
| ASME B16.5 / B16.47 | Ingano z'urukiramende |
| API 598 | Isuzuma ry'ingufu n'isuzuma ry'umuvuduko |
| ANSI/FCI 70-2 | Icyiciro cy'aho intebe y'abarinda abira iva (Icyiciro cya VI = ifungana n'amabara) |
| API 607 / API 6FA | Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ibizamini by'umutekano mu nkongi |
| ISO 15848 | Gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere yahunze ku birebana n'udusimba tw'imyenge |
| ISO 5211 | Uburyo bwo gushyiramo actuator |
| NACE MR0175 / MR0103 | Serivisi y'uburozi (ahantu hafite H₂S) |
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
Yego, ariko hari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Valve ebyiri zikora neza zitanga imiterere y’urujya n’uruza rw’amazi ku gipimo cya dogere 90, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu kugenzura. Ariko, gukanda ahantu hagufi cyane (munsi ya 15–20%) cyangwa ku gitutu kinini gishobora gutuma habaho gukanda mu mazi. Valve eshatu zikora neza zitanga imikorere myiza yo gukanda bitewe n’uko zigenzura neza. Kugira ngo urebe neza uburyo bwo gukanda, reba imiterere y’urujya n’uruza rw’amazi (Cv) n’amakuru ajyanye n’uruza rw’amazi ku bunini bwa valve n’uburyo ikoreshwa.
Uburyo bwo guteka:Valve ihambiriwe hagati y’imiyoboro ibiri y’amazi. Iyi niyo miterere ihendutse cyane ariko ntiyemerera gukuraho imiyoboro iri munsi y’amazi hatabayeho kugabanya imbaraga. Valve za Wafer zihendutse ku kigero cya 20–40% ugereranyije na valve za lug zingana.
Ubwoko bw'ikirenge:Igice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi gifite uduce duto (lugs) ku mpande zombi, bigatuma imigozi ifatana ku mpande zombi ukwayo. Ibi bituma imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idashobora gukurwaho, bivuze ko imiyoboro yo hasi ishobora gukurwaho mu gihe uruhande rwo hejuru ruguma rufite umuvuduko - ni ingenzi cyane mu kubibungabunga. Uduce duto tw'umuyoboro tw'amashanyarazi dutanga imbaraga z'inyongera mu buryo bushobora gukururwa n'imiyoboro.
Ubwoko bwombi buboneka mu buryo bwo gufunga impande zombi.
Hitamo ikiguzi cya gatatu mugihe:
- Ubushyuhe burenga 260°C (urugero ntarengwa rw'intebe za PTFE/RPTFE)
- Gukoresha bisaba kuzimya icyuma kiva kuri icyuma kijya kuri icyuma nta gusohoka kwacyo.
- Serivisi ikubiyemo umwuka ushyushye cyane cyangwa isuku y'amazi aho umutekano w'inkongi ari ngombwa
- Umubare munini w'amagare usaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kwangirika
- Valve ikoreshwa mu gutanga serivisi z’ubushyuhe (LNG, ethylene)—valve eshatu zifite ibikoresho bikwiye zikora neza mu bushyuhe buri hasi cyane.
Hitamo ikoreshwa ry’imashini ebyiri (ikoreshwa ry’imikorere isanzwe) iyo:
- Ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 260°C
- Intebe za PTFE cyangwa intebe za PTFE zikomejwe zitanga uburyo buhagije bwo guhuza imiti n'ibinyabutabire
- Ubuzima bw'uruziga buri hagati (ibihumbi mirongo by'uruziga) buhuye n'ibisabwa
- Igiciro cy'ibanze cy'imari shingiro kiri hasi
Isuzuma ryigenga ryagaragaje ko ibyuma bifunga ibyuma mu buryo buzimya umutuku mu gihe cy’amasaha arenga 100.000 kugira ngo haboneke ibyuma byiza bikoresha ibyuma biguruka. Ibikoresho bitatu bifunga ibyuma, bifite intebe zabyo z’icyuma n’imiterere yabyo idahindagurika, bishobora gutuma bimara igihe kirekire kurushaho—akenshi birenga amashami 250.000 mu gihe cy’amasaha aringaniye. Igihe nyacyo cyo gukora ibyuma giterwa n’imiterere y’imikorere, harimo umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, isuku y’amazi, n’umuvuduko w’imikorere.
Oya. Akamaro k'ingenzi k'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imikorere myiza ni ubushobozi bwo kuziba impande zombi. Bitandukanye n'amavali menshi y'ibinyugunyugu, ashobora kuba afite icyerekezo cyiza cyo gutemba ku mubiri, amavali y'imikorere myiza agumana imikorere yuzuye yo kuzimya uko icyerekezo cyo kuyashyiraho cyaba kiri kose. Ibi byoroshya uburyo bwo kuyashyiraho kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kuyashyiraho nabi.
Incamake ku bahanga mu by'amasoko n'abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi
| Ku bijyanye n'Ubwubatsi | Ku bijyanye no gutanga amasoko |
|---|---|
| Valve z'ibinyugunyugu zikora neza cyane (double/three offset) ni zo mahitamo akwiye ku birebana n'umuvuduko w'imikorere uri hejuru ya 250 PSI, ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 180°C, na hydrocarbon, steam, cyangwa corrosive service | Igiciro cya mbere kiri hejuru ugereranyije na valve zikora (20–40%), ariko TCO ikunze kuba nto bitewe n'igihe kirekire cyo kuyikoresha no kuyibungabunga kugabanuka. |
| Igikorwa cya kamera (intebe ihuza disiki gusa iyo ifunze) ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gitandukanya - ibi bikuraho kwangirika kandi bigatuma torque nkeya kandi nta gusohoka kw'amajwi kugaragara. | Mu gihe usaba ibiciro, garagaza API 609 Icyiciro B, ubwoko bw'ibiciro bisabwa (kabili cyangwa gatatu), ibikoresho by'intebe, n'impamyabushobozi zidasanzwe (izirinda umuriro, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, NACE) |
| Vali eshatu zikoreshwa mu gupima ibyuma zitanga ubushyuhe bwo kuva kuri icyuma kugera kuri 650°C kandi ntizishobora gushya; vali ebyiri zikoreshwa mu gupima ibyuma zifite intebe za PTFE zikwiriye ubushyuhe bwo kugeza kuri 260°C. | Ibiteganyijwe ku ngengo y'imari: Inzu ya wafer yo mu cyiciro cya 150 ifite umubiri wa karuboni n'intebe ya PTFE akenshi igura $100–1.000 bitewe n'ingano; Inzu ya 300 yongeraho 30–50%; intebe z'icyuma zongeraho 30–50%; gukoresha amashanyarazi bishobora gukuba kabiri cyangwa gatatu ikiguzi cya valve y'ibanze. |
| Buri gihe genzura neza ko valve yatoranijwe yujuje ibisabwa na API 609 Category B kugira ngo hamenyekane ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko | Tekereza ku bikoresho by'intebe zisimbura izindi mu gihe cy'ingenzi - gusimbuza intebe biroroshye kandi byongera igihe cyo gukoresha valve cyane. |
Ku ikoreshwa iryo ari ryo ryose aho risanzweValves z'ibinyugunyugu(Icyiciro cya A) ntibihagije ku bijyanye n'umuvuduko, ubushyuhe, cyangwa imiterere y'aho ibintu bihurira, valve y'ibinyugunyugu ikora neza cyane (Icyiciro cya B) ni igisubizo cyagaragaye kandi gihendutse—gitanga icyizere cyo gufunga umupira cyangwa valve yo gufunga ifite ikirenge gito n'uburemere buke bwa valve y'ibinyugunyugu, ku giciro gito cyashyizweho.
Amakuru ya tekiniki yavuzwe haruguru yerekeye valves z'ibinyugunyugu aturuka mu itsinda ry'abatekinisiye ryaUmukozi w'imashini zikora valve y'ibinyugunyugu- Valve ya NSW.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-07-2026